مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
HIV VACCINES TREATMENT REVIEW ARTICLE
HIV VACCINES TREATMENT REVIEW ARTICLE
Bita Khalkhali,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. Bachelor,s degree in Microbiology , student of Azad University , Shahre Qods branch 2. M.sc student of pathogenic Microbes Islamic Azad University Tehran Branch
Introduction: HIV infection is a major global health issue, affecting 36.7 million people world-wide. New infections continue to occur, with 2.1 million cases in 2015. The number of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) reached 17 million in 2015.Citation1
However, it cannot eradicate HIV infection due to the persistence of a latent viral reservoir (mean half-life of 44 months). Thus, the need for ART is lifelong and the cost is substantialCitation8,9 and may be difficult to sustain economically.Citation3
Although ART is highly efficacious in preventing transmission in the setting of mother to child transmission in sexual transmission through the treatment of infected partners in serodiscordant relationships, Furthermore, adherence is critical to the efficacy of biomedical preventive interventions but has been varied across study populations. According to Fauci and Marston, “even if HIV prevention efforts were optimally implemented to achieve a new infection rate of near zero, recidivism could threaten this success.” Thus an HIV vaccine is essential as it is a more sustainable solution. Modeling data suggest that a 70% efficacious vaccine introduce in 2027 with strong uptake and 5 y of protection could reduce annual new infections by 44% over the first decade and by 78% in 2070. Therefore, an effective universal prophylactic vaccine can potentially curtail and end the worldwide HIV pandemic.
Methods: HVTN 124 was a randomised, phase 1, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, including participants who were HIV seronegative and aged 18–50 years at low risk for infection. The DNA vaccine comprised five plasmids: four copies expressing Env gp120 (clades A, B, C, and AE) and one gag p55 (clade C). The protein vaccine included four DNA vaccine-matched GLA-SE-adjuvanted recombinant gp120 proteins. Participants were enrolled across six clinical sites in the USA and were randomly assigned to placebo or one of two vaccine groups (ie, prime–boost or coadministration) in a 5:1 ratio in part A and a 7:1 ratio in part B.
Results: we will syntheseize the findings through tables charts and narrative summaries. we will also idenify gaps in the current literature and provide recommendation for future research. findings will be shared at conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed publication.
Conclusion: A great deal has been learned from HIV vaccine research over the last 30 years. Data from completed HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials support the role of functional Env Ab in reducing infection risk.Citation52 Replication in a follow-up efficacy trial is pending. The field eagerly awaits results from HVTN702, which will provide an opportunity to assess this pox-protein regimen in light of RV144 correlates of risk as well as generate novel hypotheses on mechanisms of protection. Data from phase II studies of passive immunization with bnAb will become available in the next few years and will be critical for proof of concept that bnAb can prevent HIV acquisition in humans. The elicitation of bnAb through vaccination is still in preclinical stages.