مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Insight to BRCA mutation effect in breast cancer Prevention and recommended treatments
Insight to BRCA mutation effect in breast cancer Prevention and recommended treatments
Nazanin Shateri,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. Islamic Azad University Qods Branch 2. Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
Introduction: One of the frequent and numerous malignant tumors that affect women is breast cancer. Breast cancer develops and occurs as a result of several internal and external factors. Poor lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and social-psychological factors are all linked to its occurrence. It has been demonstrated that 5% to 10% of breast cancers can be attributed to genetic mutations and family history, and 20% to 30% of breast cancers can be attributed to factors that may be modifiable. Breast cells are where breast cancer first develops. A collection of cancer cells known as a cancerous tumor is capable of spreading into and destroying nearby tissue. As well as spreading throughout the body, it can. Breast cells occasionally undergo changes that prevent them from growing or behaving normally. Non-cancerous breast conditions atypical hyperplasia and cysts may result from these changes. Additionally, they may result in benign tumors like intraductal papillomas.
Methods: After reaching 25 years, individuals should undergo biannual or annual breast examinations by a physician. Annual breast magnetic resonance imaging or mammography is recommended for women aged 25 to 30, and both modalities are recommended for women over 30 years old.
There is now broad consensus that early detection efforts in high-risk women should primarily be based on annual contrast-enhanced breast MRI, which is by far the most sensitive test for early detection of breast cancer.
Results: The PARP family of proteins, discovered more than half a century ago, proved to have very important functions in terms of many cellular processes, including transcription, cell death, and DNA repair. Replication stress and mutations in DNA damage repair genes, which are frequently observed in cancer cells, and have led to new ideas for treatment strategies that are PARP-centered. In particular, the knowledge about the roles of PARP1 in DNA repair has led to the development of PARP inhibitors for the treatment of cancers with BRCA mutations.
Conclusion: Chemoprevention involves a variety of drugs used to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. These drugs are used as an alternative to invasive surgical procedures, such as bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, to lower a person’s risk of cancer development.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), tamoxifen and raloxifene, are commonly used in the treatment of various diseases including BC and are the only two FDA-approved compounds for primary prevention of BC. tamoxifen can reduce the risk of developing CBC by 37%-58% in BRCA2-mutated carriers. This trial initially demonstrated that the effectiveness of raloxifene was similar to tamoxifen in preventing invasive BC.