مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Using immunotherapy to treatment melanoma cancer review article
Using immunotherapy to treatment melanoma cancer review article
Maryam Aschari,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. Bachelor of Laboratory Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Abolrz , Karaj , Iran 2. M.sc student of Pathogenic Microbes Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
Introduction: Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin tumors and its prevalence is increasing in Western countries, accounting for 10,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. While efforts have been made to improve the early diagnosis of melanoma, patients with distant metastases still face a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 6 to 10 months until recently. Major advances have been made in the last 5 years in the systemic treatment of metastatic melanoma Advanced and metastatic: Targeted therapies that inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinase (=MAPK) pathway in tumors with BRAFV600 and immunotherapies that inhibit various checkpoints activate the patient's immune system in approximately 40-50% of cases A BRAFV600 mutation is found in melanoma patients.This mutation causes an active MAPK pathway.
Methods: Of all the malignancy treatments, immunotherapy has been most extensively studied in metastatic melanoma. These often experimental and immunotherapy interventions can be divided into the following:
1. Biological substances such as cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferons, and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
2. Vaccination strategies such as peptide vaccines, whole protein vaccines, virus-based vaccines, DNA vaccines and dendritic cell-based vaccines.
3. Cell therapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAKs), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), melanoma-specific T cells derived from peripheral blood, and gene-modified T lymphocytes
4 immune inhibitors, including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1, and anti-PDL1, and immune-stimulating molecules, including anti-CD137.
Results: New immunotherapies are in the clinical pipeline and will hopefully provide effective options for those who do not respond to anti-PD-1-based combination approaches
Conclusion: In evaluating the response to these new therapies, there appears to be a spectrum of patients from those in whom blocking the PD-1 / PD-L1 axis alone is effective to those who respond better with the addition of CTLA-4 blockade. to those who do not respond to any of these strategies.