• The impact of marine water pollution on prostate cancer in male fish and ovarian cancer in female fish
  • Asra Seyednezhad,1,*
    1. Master's Student in Animal Biology, Department of Biology, University of Tehran


  • Introduction: Aquatic environment pollution is one of the most significant environmental challenges of the present era, attracting considerable attention from researchers due to its negative impacts on the health of living organisms and, ultimately, humans. One of the most concerning aspects of marine pollution is its potential effects on the health and survival of aquatic species. Recent studies have explored the relationship between marine pollution and the occurrence of specific types of cancer in fish, signaling a warning for aquatic ecosystems. This review article aims to examine the effects of marine pollution on the development of prostate cancer in male fish and ovarian cancer in female fish.
  • Methods: Various studies have demonstrated that the presence of different chemical substances, including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in polluted waters, can directly or indirectly affect the reproductive systems of fish. These substances interfere with hormonal functions and induce oxidative stress, leading to cellular and molecular changes that pave the way for the development of neoplasms and the carcinogenesis of prostate and ovarian cells. This review synthesizes findings from experimental and epidemiological studies to understand the impact of these pollutants on fish health.
  • Results: Experimental and epidemiological findings indicate that prolonged exposure of fish to polluted waters, especially in areas with high levels of contamination, significantly increases the risk of developing prostate and ovarian cancers. These effects are particularly significant in sensitive and endangered species. Genetic studies have also shown that certain fish species are more prone to these types of cancers due to the presence of genes that make them more susceptible to pollution. Additionally, the review highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development, including oxidative stress and hormonal disruptions.
  • Conclusion: The article emphasizes the importance of implementing protective and management measures to reduce marine pollution and safeguard aquatic ecosystems. Proper water resource management, reducing the discharge of industrial and urban pollutants into the seas, and increasing monitoring and surveillance of aquatic environments are among the actions that can help reduce the incidence of cancer in fish and other aquatic species. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for more research on the long-term effects of marine pollution on fish health and the interaction between environmental and genetic factors in the development of these cancers.
  • Keywords: Marine Water Pollution, Prostate Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Male Fish, Female Fish