مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
The Role and Importance of Stem Cells in The Treatment of Leukemia
The Role and Importance of Stem Cells in The Treatment of Leukemia
Neda Zahmatkesh,1,*
1. Msc of Molecular Genetic Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Zanjan.
Introduction: Stem cells, sometimes referred to as mother cells, have the capacity to differentiate into other cell types within the body, such as insulin-producing, neuron, and heart cells. Stem cells reproduce through mitosis and self-renewal. These cells are categorized as totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent stem cells, among other classifications. The whole functional organism can be created by totipotent stem cells. Multipotent stem cells differentiate into more specialized cell types. Only one type of differentiated cell can be produced by unipotent stem cells. One can categorize the sources of stem cells into two primary groups: perinatal and adult. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a leukemia treatment Treatments like HSCT may be promising for certain illnesses like AML, CML, and ALL. An intravenous injection of bone marrow cells can replace the old bone marrow cells and generate new ones, according to studies on HSCT conducted by a team at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Studies Center between 1950 and 1970. This study looked into the function and significance of stem cells in the treatment of leukemia.
Methods: The present study is titled The Role and Importance of Stem Cells in The Treatment of Leukemia which was done by searching scientific databases such as Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar and PubMed.
Results: The outcomes have demonstrated Allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplants are two different types of transplants. When a patient has autologous bone marrow transplantation, the transplanted tissue is extracted from them, the malignant cells are killed with anti-cancer medications, and the transplanted tissue is then reinjected into the patient. With this kind of transplant, there is little chance of infection or transplant rejection. Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) can be treated by autologous transplantation, and it should be utilized. Studies show that patients with myeloma who receive autologous transplantation have a 5-20% chance of developing GVHD; whereas, individuals who receive allogeneic transplantation have a nearly 50% chance of developing GVHD. Allogeneic transplantation involves the use of healthy donor cells rather than the patient's tissue. For instance, following clinical testing and inspection, the patient may get healthy donor tissue from their mother, father, brother, or sister. Allogeneic transplantation is a therapy option for AML, MM, ALL, and CML. Another option for treating NHL is an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Depending on the type of leukemia, a different transplant may be necessary. For instance, research indicates that CML often progresses in three phases. To treat CML caused by chronic phase 1, TKI intolerance, and critical phase, allogeneic transplantation is typically utilized. Allogeneic transplantation is also a viable therapy option for patients with ALL and AML who have a high risk of relapse.
Conclusion: Today, there are renewed prospects for the treatment of cancer due to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and the application of stem cells. With stem cells, it is now possible to treat a wide range of illnesses, including blood cancer and disorders. Using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which comes in various forms, is one of the appropriate solutions.
1-Allogeneic transplantation
2- Autologous transplantation
As previously mentioned, stem cell therapy is evolving and improving, but there are problems and difficulties with clinical treatments that use these cells. These problems include genetic instability of stem cells, ethical concerns, and transplant rejection, which has made the work a little challenging. With additional studies and research in this area, hopefully, these issues will be resolved and stem cells will one day be able to treat a variety of illnesses.