مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Uncovering the Prebiotic Effects of Oleuropein as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Gastric Cancer
Uncovering the Prebiotic Effects of Oleuropein as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Gastric Cancer
Fatemeh Abolmashadi,1Mohammad Ali Nasiri Khalili,2,*
1. Master of Science in Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Malek Ashtar University, Tehran, Iran. 2. Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Malek Ashtar University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Gastric cancer ranks among the leading contributors to cancer-related mortality globally, with Helicobacter pylori infection identified as the predominant causative factor. Conventional treatment typically entails the use of antibiotics, which, although effective, may disrupt the microbiota's equilibrium. In light of the rising antibiotic resistance observed in Helicobacter pylori during gastric cancer therapy, this research proposes a safer therapeutic alternative. The prebiotic oleuropein has the potential to selectively target gastric cancer cells while simultaneously maintaining the beneficial microbiota within the stomach.
Methods: A thorough examination was performed through a systematic search in both PubMed and Springer databases. The review focused on subjects pertinent to gastric cancer, prebiotic, oleuropein, and additional significant terms such as antibiotic resistance, microbiota, and apoptosis. Articles that did not align with the specified criteria were excluded from consideration. Ultimately, 48 references were chosen for this review, as they offered the necessary information and data.
Results: There is an increasing apprehension regarding the rise of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori, particularly in the context of gastric cancer treatment. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has designated clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori infections as a critical focus for research and development in the field of antibiotic resistance. It is well-documented that the administration of antibiotics can lead to substantial alterations in both the functionality and diversity of the microbiota. For instance, the use of amoxicillin in healthy individuals has been linked to enduring modifications in microbiota composition and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Comparable outcomes have been noted with other antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, cefprozil, and clindamycin. The disruption of microbiota following antibiotic treatment can persist for up to a year and may result in various health issues, such as asthma, obesity, diabetes, diarrhea, colitis, and compromised immune responses.
A viable strategy for managing antibiotic resistance is the employment of prebiotics such as oleuropein, which has been proven to exert beneficial effects on the composition and performance of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Oleuropein, a bitter glycoside and one of the predominant phenolic compounds found in olive leaves, plays a role in modulating the microbiota within the stomach and intestines, as well as influencing body fat metabolism, glucose levels, and mineral absorption. This compound is preferentially fermented by beneficial microbiota, thereby fostering the proliferation of advantageous bacterial species while inhibiting pathogenic ones. Research indicates that diets enriched with oleuropein in murine models lead to a notable increase in the population of the beneficial Lactobacillus plantarum. This suggests that oleuropein not only enhances the gastric microbiota but may also possess therapeutic potential in the context of gastric cancer.
The compound oleuropein has been identified as an effective agent in preventing the growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of cancer cells. Its anticancer effects are attributed to its ability to alter several oncogenic signaling pathways. In an experimental study, oleuropein demonstrated significant reductions in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, an increase in total antioxidant status, and a repair of gastric cell damage induced by cisplatin in rats. Additionally, recent findings have reported that nanoparamagnetic oleuropein synthesis can induce KRAS overexpression and inhibit AGS cancer cell proliferation, as well as trigger apoptosis in the AGS cell line.
Conclusion: Therefore, this study proposes oleuropein, a prebiotic, as a safer therapeutic strategy that targets gastric cancer cells while concurrently preserving the beneficial microbiota of the stomach. This suggests that oleuropein could become a new therapeutic agent for gastric cancer in the future. It is apparent that further research in this field could yield valuable insights that may facilitate advancements in the treatment of gastric cancer.