مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Circadian Rhythm Disruptions and Their Impact on Metabolic Syndromes From a molecular point of view
Circadian Rhythm Disruptions and Their Impact on Metabolic Syndromes From a molecular point of view
Pariya Halimiyan,1Maryam Naderi Soorki,2,*
1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Introduction: Circadian rhythms are biological cycles that naturally recur in 24-hour intervals in humans and other living organisms. These rhythms regulate physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, hormone production, and metabolism. Recent studies have shown that disruptions in these rhythms, caused by factors such as night shift work, changes in sleep patterns, and chronic stress, can lead to metabolic changes, resulting in metabolic syndromes such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. This study aims to examine the impact of circadian rhythm disruptions on metabolic syndromes, focusing on analyzing molecular pathways and key genes involved.
Methods: This review was conducted by searching keywords such as "Circadian rhythm," "Circadian rhythm disruption," and "Metabolic syndrome" in databases including PubMed, Direct Science, Scopus, and the search engine Google Scholar. In total, more than 50 recent articles were selected and reviewed.
Results: Circadian rhythms are regulated by clock genes such as CLOCK, BMAL1, PER, and CRY, which play crucial roles in numerous physiological and metabolic processes. These genes regulate the expression of metabolism-related genes, and disruptions in circadian rhythms and clock gene activity can lead to imbalances in metabolic pathways, which leads to metabolic syndromes such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. One key pathway regulated by circadian rhythms is AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), which plays a central role in maintaining energy balance in cells. Disruption of circadian rhythms can inhibit AMPK activity, leading to fat accumulation and an increased risk of metabolic syndromes. In addition to AMPK, other important molecular pathways affected by circadian rhythms include mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and SIRT1 (Sirtuin1).
mTOR plays a role as a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism and is sensitive to changes in nutrient and energy levels. Disturbance in the circadian rhythm can increase the activity of mTOR, which leads to disturbances in the metabolism of glucose and lipids, and finally leads to metabolic syndromes.
The SIRT1 pathway also plays a role as the main regulator of aging and metabolism processes and is synchronized with circadian rhythms. Research has shown that SIRT1 activity changes in response to changes in the circadian rhythm and that decreased activity leads to reduced insulin sensitivity and increased fat storage, which are key factors in the development of metabolic syndrome.
Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in clock genes such as CLOCK and BMAL1 are linked to higher susceptibility to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension in certain populations, suggesting a genetic predisposition to circadian rhythm-related metabolic disorders.
Furthermore, the timing of food intake plays a significant role in metabolic health. Eating at times misaligned with circadian rhythms, such as late at night, disrupts insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, raising the risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity
Environmental factors like exposure to artificial light at night can suppress melatonin production, a hormone crucial for maintaining energy balance. Prolonged exposure to artificial light, especially at night, along with high-fat diets, disrupts hormonal regulation and promotes fat accumulation, further increasing the risk of metabolic syndromes.
Conclusion: The analyses indicate that circadian rhythms, as key biological mechanisms, play a vital role in regulating metabolism and maintaining overall health. Disruption of these rhythms can lead to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, which in turn can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways and genes involved could help identify new therapeutic targets and improve prevention strategies. Scientific and experimental evidence suggests that properly regulating sleep-wake cycles, improving diet and utilizing novel therapies targeting molecular pathways can help to improve circadian rhythms and reduce metabolic disorders.