مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Microbiome and Immune System: A Symbiotic Nexus for Health and Disease Prevention
Microbiome and Immune System: A Symbiotic Nexus for Health and Disease Prevention
Yousof Bavafa Shandiz,1,*Kimia Davatgaran,2Taraneh Nikjamal,3Mahta Shojaei,4
1. Department of Biology, Naghshejahan Higher Education Institute, Isfahan, Iran 2. Department of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Islamic azad university, central Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Islamic azad university, central Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Islamic azad university, central Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: The proper interaction between the microbiota and the immune system is a prerequisite for health preservation. The human microbiome is a huge reservoir of microorganisms that consist of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, and is an active participant in immune regulation. This interplay is not simple coexistence, instead, the relationship affects core physiological processes as diverse as metabolism and immunologic defense. Subsequently, immune control will also manipulate the resident microbiota, establishing a balance that is fundamentally important for well-being. Imbalances in this interplay lead to immune-related maladies like autoimmune diseases and inflammation. For example, the Human Microbiome Project is an exemplary project to investigate the close relationship between the microbiome and immunity, and it emphasizes the necessity for ongoing studies. The deeper science penetrates, the more crucial comprehending this interconnectedness appears to developing treatments that normalize equilibrium and protect against diseases. This paper is a theoretical analysis of the role of the microbiome in modulating immune responses and the possibility of changed medical treatments.
Methods: For this study on the microbiome and immune system as a symbiotic link for health and disease prevention, we conducted a comprehensive review of 62 articles. These sources were selected based on their relevance to the interaction between the microbiome and immune system, focusing on their roles in maintaining health, preventing immune-related diseases, and their mutual influence on each other. This method allowed us to gather diverse perspectives and insights to support our exploration of this critical connection.
Results: The information has been unequivocal for years that a balanced microbiome is exceedingly important in immune response regulation, which is manifested as both the immune tolerance and the defense from the pathogen. The studies have informed us that the disbalance of the microbiome is due to both the use of antibiotics and the dietary changes or environmental factors being the “disruptors” causing dysbiosis, which again is the leading cause of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and infections. Moreover, the findings reveal that the early-life exposure to a broad variety of microorganisms uncontrollably developed immune systems, such as the hygiene hypothesis. What concerns objective support is that the use of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Postbiotics as manipulative measures in balancing the microbes and consequently in ameliorating the immune function. In addition, the research represents the immune system if its various components are involved in promoting such relevant processes as antimicrobial peptides and cytokine regulation and that the immune system, through the cooperation of the microbiota, actively directs its composition. This mutual communication indicates the promising perspective of individualized theories for preventing or rectifying the microbiota, as well as the novel paths of treating diseases or immunity issues. As a whole, the studies accumulate the beneficial reasons for the survival of the mucosal immunity and the prevention of the disease.
Conclusion: The healthy connection between the microbiome and the immune system in humans is essential, which, in turn, brings about a number of the most significant possibilities in disease prevention and management. Summary of our study shows that the immune system is only one of the reasons why the microbiome may prosper, and the immune system's proper functioning may be disturbed without it (the microbiome), which confirms the microbiome is amongst the key factors that reverses overactive immune reactions that could be happening when the host’s immune system is not recognizing an organism properly. Environmental factors, antibiotics, or dietary changes can all disrupt this equilibrium and lead to immune dysregulation, thus, to the rise of autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and infections. The research also shows the key role of microbiota on immunity. It thus becomes apparent, during the development of microbiota, that keeping the microbial diversity and balancing is the crucial moment resulting in the tolerance of the immune system. High quality understanding of the interplay between the microbial imbalance and the immune system will be the clue for the development of more sophisticated biomedical treatments focusing on the restoration of and immunity and well-being. The possible avenues for intervention in the future are mainly driven by the studies that are conducted in the field of microbe-immune system axis.