مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Cutting-Edge Advances of Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases: Investigating Mechanisms of Regenerative Medicine and Clinical Setting
Cutting-Edge Advances of Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases: Investigating Mechanisms of Regenerative Medicine and Clinical Setting
Banafsheh Yalameha,1Reza Rahbarghazi,2,*
1. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences ,Tabriz, Iran Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2. Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, underlining the vital necessity for innovative therapeutic approaches. Stem cell-based therapies hold momentous promise for CVDs treatment, paving the window to more personalized and operative interventions.
Methods: In this study, we used a variety of sources including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search was performed by using combinations of the keywords; stem cell, heart, cardiovascular diseases, regenerative medicine, and clinical trial.
Results: An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration has provided new approaches for more effective treatment. For instance, various signaling axes, such as Notch, Hippo-YAP, Wnt/β-catenin pathways, etc., have been recognized as critical regulators in the regeneration and repair of myocardium and control cell fate. Moreover, paracrine signaling due to exosomes and growth factors released by stem cells mediate tissue repair through regulating angiogenesis, fibrosis, and immune responses. Recently, bioengineering has developed biomaterials and scaffolds to enhance stem cell integration within a hostile ischemic environment, improving their retention and survival. With the development of gene-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, stem cell function has also been further enhanced, enabling stem cells to be precisely modified to express cardioprotective genes. Nevertheless, challenges such as tumorigenicity, immune rejection, and scalability remain, mandating further research to harness stem cell potential in the treatment of CVDs fully. There is encouraging evidence of positive outcomes in different cardiovascular conditions in clinical settings. These trials have provided insight into the possibility of reducing mortality in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction by using bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells. Furthermore, MSCs administration could recover left ventricular function and quality of life in clinical conditions.
Conclusion: Despite these progressions, the optimal cell type, dosage, timing, and route of administration remain subjects of debate. Standardizing trial designs and outcomes is also necessary due to the heterogeneity in trial designs and outcomes. Thus, to fully realize the potential of stem cells in cardiovascular medicine, further research is required to overcome these challenges.