• complications of hpv viruses
  • farzaneh jalili,1,*
    1. MSc of Biology-Genetics, Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran


  • Introduction: hpv virus or human papilloma virus belong to papilloma virid family . more than 200 types being discovered some of them only lead to beneign and harmless lesions like warts and some lead to dangerous diseases like skin and mucosal cancers .
  • Methods: this research has been collected by reliable sites such as elsevior , popmed , etc
  • Results: human papilloma viruses are small , non enveloped virus consist of 8000 base pairs that infect mucosal and cutaneous epithelia in a vertebra . genom of hpv consist of the early regeons e1to e7 necessory for replication and and the late regeon proteins l1 and l2 that are required for virion assembly and the largely non coding part or lcr which contains cis elements that are necessary for the replication and transcription of viral dna . some types are beneign not cancerous and some causes cancer after infecting . like cervix , oral , nasopharyngeal, rectal and penil
  • Conclusion: hpv infection is kind of viral infection and in most cases , contamination is done through the skin and mucous membranes. depending on the type that causes the infection , it leads to different results from warts to cancers .
  • Keywords: warts, cancer , virus , contamination, replication