Introduction: The human body is very vulnerable despite its strength and high ability to repair. Repairing injuries in youth does not require much effort, but with age, this ability decreases, as a result, many old people, and sick young people, dream of replacing worn out tissue with healthy tissue. Today, with the growth of medical knowledge and the application of biomaterials engineering (biomaterial), this dream can be achieved.Stem cells, as "mother cells", have unique properties that enable them to transform into various specialized cells and thus play a key role in the process of tissue repair and regeneration. By using these cells and combining them with biological and synthetic matrices, tissue engineering creates functional tissues that can be used in the treatment of various diseases and injuries.
Research in this field can lead to the development of new treatments for chronic diseases, spinal cord injuries, heart disorders and many others.
Methods: Langer R, Vacanti JP. Tissue engineering.
Robert M. Nerem. Tissue Engineering: From Biology to Biological Substitutes. Spring 1995
Tissue Engineering: The Future of Stem Cells- K.M. Kim and G.R.D. Evans
Results: For the first time in 1900, Alexi Karl proposed the term tissue engineering. Together with Linderberg, he started experiments at the research institute in New York with the aim of keeping new tissues in laboratory conditions and replacing them in the body of a living organism. After Karl and Lindbergh, much work was done in this field until in 1980 artificial skin was made, and tested on a patient. After that, tissue engineering gradually started to expand as a new field or branch of science.
Tissue engineering generally means development and change in the field of laboratory growth of molecules and cells in tissue or organ, with the aim of replacing and repairing the damaged part of the body. Scientists have been able to grow cells outside the body for years, but the technology to grow 3D cell networks, with the goal of replacing damaged tissue, has only recently become available.The progress of studies showed that in all tissues of the body, a type of stem cells can be found, which have the ability to transform into specialized cells of the same tissue, and in the event of a tissue disorder, they are activated and multiply, and because Having the same ability, they are called "stem cells".
Conclusion: Today, one of the most common ways to fix tissue defects is tissue transplantation. For this, donors who are able to provide their tissues to the recipient are used. The tissue of the donor is removed and transplanted to the recipient. This method has its own problems and in addition to the very high costs that are imposed in this procedure, there are other issues such as the possibility of microbial and viral contamination, immune reactions and transplant rejection.
Another restorative method is the use of surgical techniques and artificial prostheses to compensate for the defect. In this method, polymer engineering will help, and by designing a prosthesis or external device, it will enter the person's body, which will remain permanently in the body.
In cases where the defect is due to the lack of a specific metabolic substance in the body, this substance can be introduced into the body. For example, in cases of insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, external insulin can be introduced into the body.
But one of the best and most comprehensive solutions to deal with tissue defects is the use of tissue engineering.Cell therapy is actually the act of transplanting one's own or autologous cells. The method that is currently called autologous cellular system or AUTOLOGOUS CELLULAR SYSTEM.
In this treatment method, the individual's own cells are multiplied and re-injected into the target area to fix the disorder.
Keywords: Tissue Engineering TE،AUTOLOGOUS CELLULAR SYSTEM