Introduction: Implants are medical devices that save the lives of thousands of people every year in different ways.
The existence of these implants has a major problem, and that is the high risk of infection by them. The surface of implants can be a suitable home for bacteria and provide a platform for their growth. This infection alone can increase the death rate.
What is an implant?
An implant is a set of parts that are surgically fixed inside the jaw, on which an artificial tooth is placed, and finally it looks similar to a natural tooth. In general, to place a dental implant, several steps must be done so that the constituent parts are placed next to each other and the patient can use it instead of a natural tooth.
What is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the science of making materials smaller. Nanotechnology or nanotechnology is a field of applied knowledge and technology that covers a wide range of subjects. Its main topic is the containment of matter or devices with dimensions less than one micrometer, usually around 1 to 100 nanometers. In fact, nanotechnology is the understanding and application of new properties of materials and systems in these dimensions that exhibit new physical effects - mainly affected by the dominance of quantum properties over classical properties.
Nanotechnology is a highly interdisciplinary knowledge and is related to fields such as materials engineering, medicine, pharmacy and drug design, veterinary medicine, biology, applied physics, semiconductor devices, supramolecular chemistry, and even mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and chemical engineering.
Methods: Use of nanoparticles
Smart implant
Results: The use of nanoparticles is a new emerging feature against ilm-mediated, drug-resistant, and device-driven antagonists. He used zinc gas nanoparticles (Zno), nanoparticles, gold carbon nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles respectively.
Smart implant:
The researchers made a smart implant that is resistant to the growth and accumulation of bacteria and has a longer lifespan than other implants. This smart implant is made using a material that contains nanoparticles of barium titanate, which is resistant to the growth and accumulation of bacteria. . Also, this smart implant is equipped with an internal light source that obtains its required power from natural tooth movements such as chewing and provides the possibility of radiation therapy in the tooth tissue. According to researchers, the life of artificial teeth can be significantly increased by using smart implants.
In this new implant, a combination of two technologies is used:
1) A substance containing nano particles that is resistant to the accumulation of bacteria.
2) Installing a light source to perform phototherapy, which supplies the energy it needs through natural movements of the mouth, including chewing or brushing teeth.
Phototherapy can solve many health problems, but unfortunately, it is not possible to replace or recharge the battery of the light source after implant placement. For this reason, a piezoelectric material has been used in this project. In addition to the inhibitory effect against the accumulation of bacteria and the occurrence of inflammation, this substance can produce the electrical power required for phototherapy through natural movements of the mouth.
In this research, the barium titanate (BTO) material, which has piezoelectric properties and is used in capacitors and transistors, was investigated, and in order to measure the antibacterial property potential of this material, BTO nanoparticle composite discs were exposed to Streptococcus mutans. took After that, the inhibitory effect of discs on biofilm formation was observed and it was seen that its inhibitory effect increases with increasing BTO concentration.
According to recent findings, BTO repels bacteria for a long time by creating a negative surface charge because the cell wall of bacteria also has a negative charge. It is worth mentioning that this long-term effect of BTO is very important because the occurrence of contamination and bacterial infection is a time-consuming process.
Another advantage of this material is its stable power generation properties and high mechanical strength compared to other materials used in dentistry.In addition, this substance is biocompatible and does not harm the gum tissue and can be used without causing side effects.
Conclusion: In this article, we tried to talk about the developments of the latest smart implant. According to the information of this article, it was found that new technologies have been added to smart implants, which definitely have a great impact on improving the performance of implants. But still newer technologies can be used to make and design smart implants
In any case, the reason for using the latest smart implant is to reduce the complications and risks caused by placing the implant in the teeth. With the help of these implants, the need to take oral medications will decrease and the possibility of the implant being reversed by the tooth will also decrease. However, the practicality of each of these technologies is a question and ambiguity that exists for many people.