Introduction: Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions are often associated with persistent inflammation and oxidative stress. Natural polyphenols, abundant in plant-based foods, exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study explores the potential of polyphenols as therapeutic agents in managing chronic diseases.
Methods: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies was conducted to assess the impact of polyphenols, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes, on inflammation and oxidative stress. Mechanistic pathways, such as modulation of NF-κB, Nrf2, and cytokine production, were analyzed. Key polyphenols such as quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol were evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy using in vitro, in vivo, and human trial data.
Results: Polyphenols demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α) and modulating NF-κB signaling pathways. Their antioxidant activity, mediated by Nrf2 activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, effectively reduced oxidative damage. Clinical trials indicated that dietary supplementation with polyphenols improved biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, particularly in patients with diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. Synergistic effects were observed when polyphenols were combined with standard treatments.
Conclusion: Natural polyphenols hold great promise as adjunctive therapies in managing chronic diseases by targeting inflammation and oxidative stress. Their wide availability, safety profile, and pleiotropic effects make them attractive candidates for integrative treatment strategies. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, enhancing bioavailability, and conducting large-scale clinical trials to confirm their therapeutic potential in diverse populations.