Analysis of DNA methylation signatures in the blood to diagnose breast cancer

Analysis of DNA methylation signatures in the blood to diagnose breast cancer
Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian,¹ Hamidreza Khodadadi,² Masumeh Jalalvand,³ Leila Abkhooie,^4,* Amirmasoud Jalalvand,⁵
1. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
2. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
3. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
4. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
5. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Introduction: Today, due to the increasing expansion of breast cancer, early diagnosis and in the early stages raise the possibilities of treatment and prevent women's deaths. The use of non-molecular technologies such as gastroscopy, computed tomography, and protein biomarkers are still considered the focus of clinical cancer screening, but these methods have low specificity and sensitivity. Late cancer diagnosis often prevents patients from receiving optimal care. This study intends to illustrate circulating cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, and exosomes in peripheral blood plasma for early cancer detection as a non-invasive approach. Many studies have shown a relationship between methylation markers and breast cancer, and it seems that the examination of DNA methylation patterns based on blood in breast cancer can be used for early detection and dynamic monitoring of breast cancer as a non-invasive method.
Methods: Valid scientific sites and sources such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed will be used to conduct this study. Also, the keywords Breast cancer, Circulating tumor DNA, PBMCs, and DNA methylation will be used. Articles that are very old (before 2000) or do not have any of these keywords are excluded from the study.
Results: Our study indicate that analysis of DNA methylation patterns from blood samples can be used as a non-invasive method for early breast cancer detection and monitoring. The application of blood-based DNA methylation in medicine is currently under development. Medical applications use blood-based DNA methylation is still in its infancy.
Conclusion: In general, there the problems such as false-negative reporting due to low blood-based DNA concentrations and poor reproducibility for selected markers but enhancing diagnostic kits' blood-base sensitivity and specificity broadens their use in cancer treatment and diagnosis.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Circulating tumor DNA, PBMCs, DNA methylation