Seyede Reyhaneh Hashemi zavaraki,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. B.sc student of Microbiology Shandiz institute of Higher education in Mashhad 2. M.sc student of Pathogenic Microbes Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
Introduction: Favism is a condition that affects people who have a genetic deficiency of an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This enzyme protects red blood cells from damage caused by certain substances, such as fava beans, some drugs, and some infections. People with favism can develop a type of anemia called hemolytic anemia, which occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. Favism, a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, is a major public health concern in many regions of the world. Understanding the underlying causes and treatment options for this disorder is essential for improving the health outcomes for those affected.
Methods: The mechanism by which G6PD deficiency confers protection against malaria is not fully understood.
The authors propose that the increased sensitivity of P. Vivax to oxidative stress might be a factor.G6PD deficiency increases oxidative stress in red blood cells, which may affect the parasite’s survival. This mutation is thought to offer some protection against uncomplicated malaria but not severe cases.
It’s important to test for G6PD deficiency (favism) before administering certain anti-malarial drugs, to prevent hemolytic anemia. Although G6PD deficiency can offer some protection against malaria, it also poses a serious risk when treating malaria with certain drugs. In regions where malaria is endemic, healthcare providers must be cautious when prescribing anti-malarial drugs such as primaquine to G6PD-deficient patients. To prevent hemolytic disorders caused by these drugs, the use of two different tests to diagnose G6PD deficiency in men and women is recommended.
G6PD_deficient cells are more vulnerable to human coronavirus infection than G6PD_normal cells. A study examining G6PD-DEFICIENT cells incubated with human coronavirus, found that these cells exhibited significantly higher coronavirus viral gene expression and viral particle production.
Results: G6PD deficiency is a common genetic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. G6PD enzyme catalyzes the pentose phosphate pathway, which provides red blood cells with protection against oxidative damage through production of NADPH and glutathione.G6PD deficiency is caused by mutations in the G6PD gene, which result in an underproduction of the G6PD enzyme. This enzyme is critical for the production of reduced NADPH, which in turn helps to produce glutathione, a key antioxidant in red blood cells that protects them from damage caused by oxidative stress.
Conclusion: Its better to do G6PD-deficient test before start taking medicines . These drugs should be used with caution or avoided in people with G6PD deficiency, and alternative treatments should be considered. Anti-malarial drug primaquine can trigger favism in G6PD deficient patients, causing hemolytic anemia. Tafenoquine, an alternative drug, is safer and can be given in a single dose. Future research into the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to favism may lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies, and ultimately improve the health and well-being of affected populations. prevention strategies for favism, such as genetic screening or dietary modification.