Introduction: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 2 diabetes (T2DM), are significant global health concerns with increasing prevalence. Recent research highlights a potential link between DM and an elevated risk of AD. Mitochondrial function is critical for neuronal survival, energy metabolism, and cell death, with mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive oxidative damage being early indicators of AD. As key sites for glucose and lipid metabolism, mitochondria are often implicated in the functional impairments seen in T2DM. Damaged mitochondria release pro-inflammatory factors, triggering inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress responses. Despite these associations, the specific role of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) in the link between T2DM and AD remains underexplored. MRPL19, a mitochondrial ribosomal protein and housekeeping gene with stable expression across various tissues, is involved in the cytosolic stress response and promotes Hsp70 translation
Methods: Method: We explored the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes using the Rattus norvegicus model. We identified dataset GSE34451 from the GEO database and grouped the results accordingly. Using the limma package in R, we analyzed the data to identify differentially expressed genes. The query and biobase packages facilitated data manipulation and annotation. To identify common genes between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, we utilized the Venny Diagram website and identified 456 common genes. We then generated a network diagram of these common genes using the String_db.org database and Cytoscape software, identifying 10 hub genes based on centrality and connectivity within the network. Further literature review led to the selection of MRPL19, a mitochondrial ribosomal gene, as a candidate biomarker. The Alliance database provided additional gene information, and we employed Prism software to assess MRPL19’s potential to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes through p-value and area under the curve (AUC) analysis
Results: Result: Analysis using Prism showed that MRPL19 demonstrates promise as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in type 2 diabetes but not in type 1 diabetes. The biomarker's performance was statistically significant
Conclusion: Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of MRPL19 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, implicating it in the mitochondrial stress response and AD pathogenesis. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which MRPL19 contributes to AD development in diabetic patients and explore its potential as a therapeutic target