Shabnam Asiabani,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. Bachelor of Midwifery Islamic Azad University Masjed Soleiman 2. M.sc student of Pathogenic Microbes Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
Introduction: Introduction:
Human papilloma viruses(HPV) are one of
the most dangerous factors of infection and considered the
most common sexually transmitted disease among both
males and females.they are small, non-enveloped viruses,
with a doublestranded circular DNA and a simple structure
and are built of only a few genes (six early and two late
genes).
HPV is a major public health concern with over 180 different
genotypes, amongst which 30–40 infect human genitalia. HPV
16 and 18 genotypes cause more than 80 % of cervical
cancer .
There are different factors that enhance chances of
contracting HPV infections. Typically, HPV is transmitted
through direct sexual contact or skin-to-skin contact .
Pathways for HPV transmission vary across different mucosal
sites per individual. They include autoinoculation within one
host, direct transmission between individuals (including
perinatal transmission and transmission during sexual
activity), and indirect transmission through contact with
hands.
Methods: Material methods:
Prevalence of HPV acquisition, persistence, and
infection are correlated with sexual behaviour, viral
load, anatomical site, local immunity and clearance.
With age, the incidence of new infections decreases,
while persistence increases.
Results: Results:
HPV infection can be acquired in utero via the placenta or
umbilical cord blood, parentally or through breast milk or
during vaginal delivery, at caesarean section.
Perinatal transmission of LR-HPV to neonates at birth has
been confirmed to be associated with recurrent respiratory
papillomatosis (RRP) development.
Conclusion: Conclusion:
Our main analysis supported the association of
systemic HIV infection, immunosuppressive
medications ,smoking ,and young age at first
pregnancy,, number of sexual partners with
increased risk for worse HPV and cervical disease
outcome .
Keywords: Human papillomvirus ;Treatment ; Disease ; Ovary