Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer caused by genetic mutations in lymphoid stem cells, leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of these cells. This disease is one of the most common types of blood cancer in children. With advancements in omics techniques, it has become possible to more accurately analyze these mutations and identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can affect patients' response to treatment and the occurrence of side effects. This study aims to optimize the selection of next-generation chemotherapy drugs based on the genetic profile of ALL patients.
Methods: The NCBI database was used to identify common SNPs based on two factors: citation and population data. Subsequently, drug information and the side effects of the chemotherapy drugs available in Iran for ALL were extracted. Finally, the data were analyzed and evaluated using the pharmacogenetics software "Mega Gene."
Results: The results showed that some common SNPs not only play a role in the development of ALL but can also influence the severity and type of side effects associated with chemotherapy. SNPs such as rs63751221, rs121912664, and rs1159782 may increase the risk of side effects like nausea, anorexia, and inflammation.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of conducting genetic tests before starting chemotherapy to select drugs with fewer side effects and greater efficacy for each patient.