Study of antimicrobial activity of different propolis extracts on gram positive and gram negative bacteria: a review article
Study of antimicrobial activity of different propolis extracts on gram positive and gram negative bacteria: a review article
Fateme Ebrahimi Far,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. Department of Biotechnology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2. M.sc student of Pathogenic Microbes Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
Introduction: Propolis (bee glue) is a sticky, dark-colored resinous substance that honey bees collect from plants and use in the hive, which contains large amounts of biologically active compounds. The word "propolis" is a compound word derived from two Greek words (pro = before) and (polis = city), meaning the last defensive point before the city (or hive). Due to its waxy nature and mechanical properties, bees use propolis in the construction and repair of their hives, to seal cracks and smooth the inside of the walls, as a protective barrier against external invaders such as snakes, lizards, etc. or against wind and rain. It has a color from dirty yellow to dark brown, strong and good smell, insoluble in
Studies have shown that plant chemicals such as flavonoids (quercetin), phenols (gallic acid), alkanoids, amino acids, etc. can be responsible for the medicinal properties of propolis, and the inhibitory effect of propolis on microorganisms depends on the synergy of these compounds.
Methods: This study was conducted in order to investigate the antimicrobial properties of different propolis extracts on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and to use it for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Investigation and determination of chemical compounds of propolis was done using a mass chromatography spectrometer (GC-MS) and the antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated using the well agar diffusion method. The physicochemical properties of the propolis sample (such as ash, moisture, soluble solids, insoluble solids and metal elements) were measured. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propolis was determined using the broth dilution method.Search for this study They have databases in Google Scholar and Elsevier Used.
Results: Antibiotic resistance among microbes urgently requires the development of new antimicrobial agents such as alternative therapies using natural products. Propolis was found to inhibit influenza-resistant Candida glabrata. Other studies showed that the ethanol extract of propolis inhibited several drug-resistant bacteria, MRSA, Enterococcus spp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
However few studies have been published on its effects against resistant pathogens.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the inherent product genetics.
The most widely used antibiotics are beta-lactams. The most common mechanism of resistance to
beta lactams among bacteria includes the production of beta-lactamase.
The prevalence of MBLs is increasing worldwide, especially among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and recently among other Gram-negative bacteria. Therapeutic control of betalactamase-producing bacteria has been one of the most important clinical problems of bacteria for more than 50 years.
Conclusion: The studies show the existence of many plant chemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, amino acids and fatty acids, which can be antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-wound and antidamage. , anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic. Experiments showed that propolis is more effective against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria (due to the structure of the outer membrane of gram-positive bacteria and the hydrolytic enzymes produced by gram-negative bacteria).