the role of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori infection Review Article
the role of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori infection Review Article
Haniye Fayezi,1,*
1. M.sc of Pathogenic Microbes Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common bacterial infection that affects the stomach lining and causes various digestive disorders. Symptoms of Helicobacter pylori infection can range from mild discomfort to severe complications depending on the immune response of the person and the type of bacteria involved. Conventional treatment for this infection includes a combination of antibiotics and acid-suppressing drugs. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has raised concerns and led researchers to explore alternative methods for managing H.pylori infection. One of these approaches is the use of probiotics. Probiotics have received attention as a potential adjunctive therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection due to their ability to restore intestinal microbial balance and modulate the immune response. Probiotics, when administered alongside antibiotic therapy, can help restore balance by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the growth of H.pylori. Probiotics may also modulate the immune response to H. pylori infection. They increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines while reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This immune modulation helps to reduce the inflammation caused by the infection and promotes healing of the stomach lining.
Methods: There is a great deal of variability in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori, which can be attributed to the presence of different probiotics. Probiotics are more effective in addition to antibiotic treatment considering that there is no treatment regimen for the root and antibiotic resistance is the biggest challenge in treatment. When probiotics enter the human body, they produce antimicrobial substances like lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocin. Lactic acid can suppress the activities of urea from Helicobacter pylori. In addition, the cell membrane and its membrane are damaged by the active species produced by probiotics. that probiotics can increase the production of IgA and strengthen the mucosal barrier against pathogens. Their role against the pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori includes competition in the microbial adhesion sites and enhancement of immune response. The specificity of glycolipid binding with Helicobacter pylori and probiotics are currently under investigation for their future applications as anti-adhesion drugs in the management of gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Results: Several clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of probiotics in managing H. pylori infection. Although results have been promising, further research is needed to establish specific strains, dosages, and treatment durations for optimal outcomes. It is important to note that probiotics should not be used as a standalone treatment for H. pylori infection. They are best used as an adjunct therapy alongside conventional antibiotic treatment.The use of specific strains of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii, has shown promising results in improving the eradication rates of H. pylori when used in combination with antibiotics.
Conclusion: Probiotics offer a potential adjunctive approach in the management of H. pylori infection. Their ability to inhibit the growth and adherence of Helicobacter pylori, reduce the inflammatory response and strengthen the intestinal barrier function makes them an attractive option. However, further research is needed to determine the most effective strains, doses and duration of treatment. To ensure safe and effective results, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using probiotics in the management of H. pylori infection.