The relationship between AIDS and the risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
The relationship between AIDS and the risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Amirreza Nickfal,1,*Mobina movahed majd,2
1. Student of research Committe, Medical University of Sarab 2. Student of research Committe, Medical University of Sarab
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHL) and AIDS. According to Global Cancer Observatory, leukemia is the 15th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 11th leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2018. Most leukemia and lymphomas are sporadic and have no specific cause. However, research shows that these malignancies arise in the context of genetic abnormalities, immunosuppression, and exposure to risk factors such as ionizing radiation, carcinogenic chemicals, and carcinogens. Immune cells are of myeloid, lymphoid or monocyte lineage in bone marrow or lymph tissues. Genetic errors such as chromosomal translocations, chromosomal deletions, point mutations, and epigenetic changes can stop the maturation of stem cells at various stages of hematopoiesis and cause uncontrolled proliferation of immature and leukemic immune cells. Lymphomas are usually characterized by nonheritable chromosomal translocations, and research into the etiology of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHL) consistently supports a role for infection and immunosuppression. HIV infection is associated with a very high risk of developing NHL, which is excessive in the course of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Methods: In this article, we used data to compare the risk of subtype-specific NHL in people with HIV with those in the general population, obtained from the US HIV/AIDS Cancer Matching Study and also the relationship between NHL and HIV/AIDS has been investigated. The articles from 2014 to 2024 have been reviewed from PubMed and Science Direct databases.
Results: In people with HIV or AIDS, NHL is the second most common malignancy. In a review of population-based studies across the United States, Australia, Australia, and Italy, the risk of NHL in people with AIDS compared with the general population ranged from 15-fold for low-grade NHL to 400-fold for high-grade NHL. AIDS-NHL is currently the most common cancer in patients with AIDS in the United States and elsewhere where HIV-positive individuals have access to HAART.
Conclusion: Despite the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-infected patients may be more likely to develop certain types of cancer than uninfected individuals. Lymphoma is the most common malignancy among HIV patients. Antineoplastic therapy has resulted in significantly prolonged disease-free survival among HIV-infected patients who develop lymphoma. HIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), especially AIDS-defining NHL subtypes.