Mahya Nejati Shendi,1Farzad Nezafati,2,*
1. 9th grade (Middle school), Noor research institue, County of Shabestar, Province of East-azerbaijan, Iran. 2. Department of Biology, Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common chronic autoimmune disease in young patients, and its hallmark is the loss of pancreatic beta cells, and the body suffers from insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Treatment with stem cells has great potential for treating patients with T1DM and can have effective results. As research advances in stem cell therapy for various diseases, advances in stem cell-based therapy for type 1 diabetes have been reported.
Methods: We systematically reviewed Diabete studies with the aim of identifying cell therapy method in Diabete. For this purpose, English language reviewed articles between 2019 and 2024 were searched in PubMed, database. The titles of the articles were scanned with keywords (Diabete) and (Cell therapy).
Results: T1D is characterized by beta cell destruction as a result of autoimmune defect, while T2D pathogenesis involves the development of insulin resistance in the insulin-target tissues followed by beta cell dysfunction due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Since twenty years ago, intraportal allogeneic cadaveric islet transplantation has been shown to be a useful treatment for patients with type I diabetes (T1D). Despite positive results, the impact of islet transplantation is limited due to a number of confounding issues, including limited availability of cadaveric islets, lifelong dependence on immunosuppressive drugs, and lack of coverage of transplant costs by health insurance companies in some countries. has been In some countries, despite improvements in immunosuppression, the number of islets required is still high, and more than two or more donors are needed per patient. Insulin independence is usually achieved with islet transplantation, but on average only 25% of patients do not require exogenous insulin injections five years later. For these reasons, the implementation of islet transplantation is almost exclusively limited to patients with fragile T1D who cannot avoid hypoglycemic events despite optimal insulin therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is effective for T2D patients, but the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into functional β-cells in vitro is poor and international differentiation does not seem to occur in vivo. Instead, to address supply-related limitations, β-cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are being explored as a surrogate for cadaveric islets.
Conclusion: Our purpose about this research is studying about Cell therapy in diabetic and we got good points. Stem cell therapy is effective to treatment diabetes and it is better than other ways.
Keywords: cell therapy, Stem cell, Type 1 diabetes