AmirAbbas Ahmadi,1,*
1. Science and Technology Park of Qom province
Introduction: Introduction
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, characterized by its diverse manifestations and complex pathogenesis. With approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million cancer-related deaths reported worldwide in 2020, it continues to be a primary focus of biomedical research. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the latest strategies in cancer prevention and diagnostic advancements, highlighting their clinical implications and future prospects.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on publications from 2018 to 2024. Key search terms included "cancer prevention," "molecular diagnostics," and "liquid biopsy." The selected studies were critically evaluated to synthesize current knowledge and emerging trends in cancer research. Emphasis was placed on translational research bridging molecular mechanisms with clinical applications.
Results: Advances in cancer prevention are rooted in a better understanding of genetic predispositions and environmental risk factors. Genomic screening tools enable the identification of individuals atع high risk, facilitating personalized prevention strategies. Lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, remain cornerstones of cancer prevention. Furthermore, chemopreventive agents, including SERMs and NSAIDs, have shown efficacy in reducing the incidence of specific cancers. The impact of vaccines, particularly the HPV vaccine, in preventing virus-associated cancers is well-documented.
Precision diagnostics have revolutionized early cancer detection. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsy techniques allow for the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and other molecular biomarkers, enabling real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms have enhanced the accuracy of imaging modalities, improving the early detection and prognostication of cancers. These advancements facilitate the identification of cancer at its nascent stages, significantly improving patient outcomes.
Conclusion: The integrative approach to cancer prevention and diagnosis underscores the importance of molecular and clinical synergy. Personalized prevention strategies based on genetic risk profiles, precise diagnostic tools, and innovative methods are essential for advancing cancer care. Future research should focus on overcoming diagnostic and therapeutic resistance, expanding access to cutting-edge technologies, and fostering global collaboration in cancer research. The continuous evolution of these strategies holds the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and ultimately reduce the global cancer burden.