Elina Zamani,1Baran Ahmadloo,2Sahar Heydari,3Heliya Erfani Rad,4Negin Golestani,5,*
1. Student in Farzanegan 2 Arak (Sampad) 2. Student in Farzanegan 2 Arak (Sampad) 3. Student in Farzanegan 2 Arak (Sampad) 4. Student in Farzanegan 2 Arak (Sampad) 5. Teacher in Farzanegan 2 Arak (Sampad)
Introduction: Burn is a serious health problem with high risk of morbidity and mortality which is divided into three degrees. First-degree burns are not dangerous and are usually treated with home care. Second-degree burns need more care and sometimes they require to follow a treatment because they can be high-risk. Third-degree burns are particularly lethal. In one study, 69% of departed patients had second- and third-degree burn. Although there are several treatments available, there is no best cure for them yet. However, stem cell therapy has a very bright prospect in burn's treatment. Stem cells have a fabulous potential, cause their structure gives them the ability to alter to different cell types. They are also one of the most important parts of repairing system.
Methods: In this review study, three databases including google scholar, PubMed and civilica; And keywords like burn, stem cells, burn healing and stem cell therapy are used for gathering the information. Articles that hadn’t had our purpose, were omitted from the study process.
Results: The overall researches proved that stem cell therapy has amazingly improved burn healing rate, with no consideration of transplant type, burn area, and treatment method in compared to traditional treatments. Studies indicated that stem cells can accelerate wound healing by enhancing the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, reducing inflammation, and promoting angiogenesis which is crucial for delivering nutrients to healing tissues. Analyses indicated that hair follicle stem cells seemed to exert more positive effects on animals with burn wounds, in comparison with other stem cells. There were some similar researches that analyses 20 studies of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) therapy in burn wounds in animals, where stem cell treatment improved closure, reduced wound area, and improved vascularization of the tissues. Most useful ways of Stem cell applications were intradermal injections in the wound edge or wound bed. There are also potential ways of cell application; however, that do not involve injection: topical cells alone, cells encrusted in dressings, and topical treatment with an ointment, or intravascular treatment. A mass group of studies achieved a statistically remarkable improvement in wound healing in groups of animals treated with stem cells from different origins and with various forms of administration.
Conclusion: Although stem cell therapy has worked amazingly so far, it is in the level of experimental studies. Because of limited evidence and randomized studies, the routine use of stem cells in the cure of a burn wound cannot be suggested. Further studies on more patients should be performed to analyze the safety and efficiency of stem cells in burn wound management as well as to establish the most appropriate cell type, origin, and way of application. So, more researches are needed to be expanded.