Evaluation of the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by hyssopus officinalis extract on the number, size and distribution of blood platelets in balb/c mice

Ghasem Rahimi,1 Ehsan karimi,2,* Hamed adib eslamie,3

1. islamic azad university of mashhad
2. islamic azad university of mashhad
3. islamic azad university of mashhad

Abstract

Introduction

Nanotechnology is used in three levels including material production, devices and systems. one of the important features of nanotechnology is a high surface-to-volume ratio that changes the behavior of materials on a nanoscale scale (1). in fact, on this scale, the laws of classical physics change, and the laws of quantum physics enter the scene. almost when we reach the nanoscale, the physical-chemical properties, the color, and even the melting point is completely transformed. an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio has led the atoms in the surface to have a greater effect on the physical properties of particles than those in the mass particle (2). over the past few years, the publication of scientific journals, textbooks and other professional literature on nanoscale research has undergone dramatic changes and tremendous changes occurred in the clinical field. in addition, there is now a widespread coordination among medical professionals that has revolutionized nanotechnology (3). the unique properties of nanoscale materials encourage scientists and researchers to promote simple and inexpensive methods for nanoparticle production. among many methods of synthesizing nanoparticles green methods, especially using plant extract, have attracted attentions. plants have a special antioxidant properties due to the presence of carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins, which inhibit the oxidation process in the body (4). the catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles depends on their size, so that nanoparticles of smaller size have faster activity than other nanoparticles (5). technologically, zinc oxide has great application in science and industry and zno nanoparticles is well-known nanoparticles which widely used in non-medical and medical investigations. hence, researchers have considered zno nanoparticles for their scientific and industrial programs (6). bing wang et al. have studied oral toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mice. they noticed the negative effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in bone, kidney and pancreatic tissues; in addition, pathological lesions in the stomach, liver, heart and spleen were detected(7).

Methods

In this research, 20 male white balb/c mice, 25-30 g, purchased from the house of animals of the razi vaccine and serum research institute in mashhad. the mice were kept in special cages under controlled conditions (temperature of 22 °c and relative humidity 60 ± 10%, 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness) with easy access to water and food. the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5). group 1 was considered as a control group (without treatment). groups 2, 3 and 4 were received dosage of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. the mice have received 1 ml of suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles orally by gavage until day 20, while the mice in control group have received pbs. ultimately, the mice were anesthetized by the ether and the blood was taken directly from the heart, and then blood plasma testing was done. statistical analysis was performed using spss software and anova test was used to analysis variables. the level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The results of comparing the number of blood platelets in the treated samples compared to the control group showed that concentration of blood platelets was decreased with increasing concentration of zno nanoparticles. the results also demonstrated that at a concentration of 300 mg/kg of zinc oxide minimum number of blood platelets was observed which was statistically significant compared to control group. comparison of mean platelet volume measurement (mpv) in groups treated with zno nanoparticles synthesized by the green method with the control showed reduction in the size of the platelets. at a concentration of 300 mg/kg, the reduction in platelet size significantly decreased compared to the control group. platelet distribution width (pdw) also decreased with increased concentration of platelets. data were statistically significant.

Conclusion

The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from the h officinalis extract at concentrations have a significant effects in reduction of number, size, and distribution of platelets. however, the time exposed to these nanoparticles should be considered. furthermore, considering the high accumulation and long-term effects, significant pathological changes and cellular penetration in the use and handling of nanoparticles should be of importance.

Keywords

Zinc oxide, hyssopus officinalis, platelets